The Effects Of Lowering The Drinking Age - 1426 Words

For years, underage drinking is perhaps one of the most controversial topics of our generation. Why do our young people disobey this law? Are they lost? Who will answer the call of the lost? Having the age to drink legally at the age of 21 may seem like it would never be disobeyed; however, over time, underage drinking has become more and more prevalent. In today’s society, a few choice young people have grown to control the desire to break the law to consume alcohol while at the appropriate age. However, not all teenagers inhabit a sense of self-control. The problem lies within the difference the effects of lowering the drinking age to 18 or keeping the age of 21 can be. With much speculation, this particular topic has become a very intriguing argument that does indeed stir up controversy. What people must understand is that the democracy should not decrease the legal drinking age because it can increase drunk driving arrests, it will cause young people to become academically challenged, it can cause health complications and diseases at a younger age, and it can promote criminal and violent activity. People claim that the only way young people will learn their lesson is by having the age lowered, so they can feel a sense of independence. They believe that young people should have a right to drink legally at the age of 18; by modifying this law, it will help to gradually reduce the amount of teenagers breaking the alcohol consumption law because it has become legal. WhenShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Lowering the Drinking Age to 181126 Words   |  5 Pages2012 Lowering The Drinking Age Alcohol is considered to be a large problem in society today. Especially with young adults between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one. Which presents the question of whether or not the drinking age should be lowered. Lowering the legal drinking age to eighteen would have positive and negative influences on society. Positive through raising more government taxes and keep high school age and young college students out of trouble with the law for drinking. Negatively;Read MoreNegative Effects of Lowering the Minimum Legal Drinking Age in America1292 Words   |  6 Pageslooking at the drinking age in many nations, a trend of relatively young minimum legal drinking ages (MLDA) can be seen around the world. As it stands, all of America’s 50 states employ a MLDA of 21 making America one of only seven countries in the world to have a drinking age set at 21; the oldest age set as the minimum legal drinking age in the world. Where many of our friends in Europe are happily drink ing away at 18, many here in America are left wondering why we don’t employ the same age requirementRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered973 Words   |  4 Pages The Legal Age for Drinking Alcohol Should Not Be Lowered To 18 In the United States. Every state has the right to set its own legal drinking age. However, according to George Will in an article he wrote in the Washington Post about the legal drinking age, â€Å"drinking age paradox† â€Å"lowering the drinking age will cost the state ten percent of its federal highway funds and cause a significant uproar from contractors and construction unions.† It is therefore in the best interest of every citizenRead MoreAccording To â€Å"College Drinking,† Almost Two Out Of Three1388 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to â€Å"College Drinking,† almost two out of three college students engage in binge drinking. Binge drinking is a pattern of drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels to 0.08 g/dL or higher (â€Å"College Drinking†). Many parents, guardians, and psychologists believe that college students binge drink because they think drinking is an integral part of their higher education. Similar to peer pressure, college students drink because the rest of the student body drinks. FurthermoreRead MoreUnderage Drinking Is Part Of The Culture Of College1734 Words   |  7 Pagesthat I did discover is that underage drinking is part of the culture in college, also the friends that I had in high school who are 21 now I have discovered they drink some of the least amount now. Which has begun to make me wonder why people who are 21 drink less than people who are underage. I believe that when people are 21 they now do not have to worry about the next time they can get alcohol. Congress should lower the drinking age from 21 to 18 because at age 18 when they are in college, forRead MoreTo Lower or Not to Lower the Legal Drinking Age to 18, That Is the Question881 Words   |  4 Pagesthat binge drinking is on the rise among college students (Eisenberg n.p.). With an increase of alcohol consumption by underage drinkers, it only seems logical to lower the drinking age to prevent binge dri nking, however there are far more consequences to be seen. Lowering the drinking age to 18 will not solve the binge drinking problem among college students but will cause more problems. In this paper I will explain the reason why lowering the drinking age will not stop binge drinking and the adverseRead More18 vs. 21: Drinking Age1389 Words   |  6 Pageswant to change the drinking age from 21 to 18, when there are other activities that have limit of age such as marriage at 18, driving at 16 and 35 to be a president? Alcohol plays a major role in today society, which becomes a controversial issue among teens. Alcohol is a mind-altering chemical that is potentially more dangerous than any other drug and can be very destructive. For past few years, many people are trying to lower the drinking age without knowing the negative effects of alcohol and howRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Of The United States920 Words   |  4 Pages The legal drinking age has always been a deba table topic that people argue about all the time. Alcohol has been a drug problem for the majority of our young adults all around the world. The goal is to decrease the effects of underage drinking In the United States by keeping the legal drinking law 21. Every state had the right to their own legal drinking age, therefore during the 1970 1980’s some states had 21 while others had 18. This problem was carried over when teenagers got behindRead MoreLowering The Minimum Drinking Age1429 Words   |  6 Pagesand Thailand are others – with a minimum drinking age over 18† (Griggs, 1). When Ronald Reagan signed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, its goal was to reduce less-mature adults from consuming alcohol and performing reckless acts (Cary, 1). However, despite the current drinking age, 17.5 percent of consumer spending for alcohol in 2013 was under the age of 21. It is estimated that â€Å"90 percent of underage drinking is consumed via binge dr inking†¦with alcohol abuse becoming more prevalentRead MoreKeeping the Minimum Legal Drinking Age1283 Words   |  6 Pageslegal drinking age in the United States or not. Many Americans forbid the idea of legalizing the drinking age so that it would be profitable to the businesses. Likewise, there have been many advantages and disadvantages of why should the government allow young adults drink under the age of 21. To prevent this issue, many Americans have provided reasoning that will support the idea of keeping the minimum legal drinking age where it is now. The government should maintain the minimum legal drinking age

Robert Merton Strain Theory - 1606 Words

Robert Merton: Strain Theory Lashaya B. Jenae B. Raykyle H. Dominique W. Lidiya Y. Morgan State University Sociology 331-001 03/05/2015 Robert K. Merton developed the structural strain theory as an extension of the functionalist perspective on deviance. This theory traces the origins of deviance to the tensions that are caused by the gap between cultural goals and the means people have available to achieve those goals (Crossman, 2015). Robert Merton saw society as having culturally-valued goals as well as culturally-valued means. These particular ways of life are shared on the expectations that tend to lead to success. For example, in the United States people tend to praise the â€Å"American Dream† of having a few kids, a white picket fence, a few nice cars and a good paying job all of which would be obtained if you have goals. The road to success in America is praised through hard work and education. If you work hard and finish school and have a degree you are in a sense one step closer to becoming successful over someone else that has taken a different route. Robert Merton took this information, analyzed it and realized that society does not always provide everyone with the means to always obtain their goals. Once there is an imbalance amongst the means of reaching your goals a sort of strain tends to occur, which is where Robert Merton developed his strain theory which consisted of five types ofShow MoreRelatedThe Strain Theory By Robert Merton1200 Words   |  5 Pagesgoals seem to be unachievable for a person? The strain theory that was developed by Robert Merton sheds light onto a possible answer for that question. The strain theory suggests that people put emphasis on achieving certain life goals or obtaining certain objects in their lives due to societal influences and pressures. When those goals or objects can’t be obtained stress is caused and it can influence more people to commit crimes. The strain theory separates people into four different paths whenRead MoreRobert Merton Strain Theory Essay1017 Words   |  5 PagesIdentify the key aspects of Robert Merton’s ‘strain theory’. It was a powerful statement focussing on the social causes of crime but what were its limitations? This essay is going to demonstrate an understanding of Robert Merton’s strain theory, the advantages of the Strain theory and also the disadvantages of the theory. Robert Merton (1910) best known for developing theories of deviance. Robert Merton is considered to be one of the most influential social scientists. Merton’s work is highlyRead MoreRobert Merton s Strain Theory1299 Words   |  6 PagesI have selected Robert Merton’s Strain theory and Edwin Sutherlands Differential Association theory and their approach to the study of crime for my essay. Robert Merton developed the theory that people engage in deviant behaviour when they can’t achieve socially approved goals by legitimate means. Deviance is a result of the strain an individual feels when they cannot achieve legitimately. Merton uses â€Å"The American Dream† to illustrate strain theory. Merton’s explanation is in two pieces; StructuralRead MoreThe General Strain Theory By Robert Merton1352 Words   |  6 PagesGeneral Strain Theory-Susan Smith In 1995, a very heinous, mysterious crime was committed the murder of two innocent boys by their mother. This crime was thought to be completely unexplainable. This mother convinced America that a black man had stole her car and kidnapped her children. Little did we know this suicidal woman would be capable of committing such a crime. There are many theories that you can apply to this case. However the theory that fits it most closely is the general strain theory. TheRead MoreThe Strain Theory Was Formulated By Robert K. Merton1088 Words   |  5 Pagesshooting himself in the head. The theory that could most likely explain what happened beyond this act would be the strain theory. The strain theory was formulated by Robert K. Merton. Merton argued that â€Å"society may be set up in a way that encourages too much deviance† (Study.com). Merton also believed there was â€Å"a disjunction between socially approved means to success and legitimate cultural goals† (Study.com). Lanza corresponds into this particular theory because he had been a troubled personRead MoreRobert Merton Stain Theory1204 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Merton’s Anomie/Strain Theory James King Jr. Savannah State University Theories of Criminal Behavior Prof. W. Brooks March 4, 2012 Since the beginning of mankind criminality has been a major problem and the most debated topic of interest by theorist on the grounds of why crime is committed, who is more prone to commit crime, and what prevents people from committing delinquent acts. The formulation of the Stain theory and Anomie Theory by Robert Merton give insight on the many questionRead MoreThe Origin Of Criminal Behavior And / Or Deviant Behavior989 Words   |  4 PagesThere are numerous theories on how to explain the origin of criminal behavior and/or deviant behavior, one of those theories is called Strain Theory. Robert Merton was the sociologist that developed strain theory in 1949 (revised in 1968). Robert Merton based his theory on the fact that all people want to achieve the American dream of economic status. He believed that environmental factors caused a strain on a person’s ability to achieve the American dream of economic success and depending on whatRead MoreThe Strain Theory Of Criminal Behavior And Is A Breakdown Of Why People Commit Crimes1633 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: Strain Theory Stain Theory Keisha Harris Valdosta State University The strain theory explains the criminal behavior and is a breakdown of why people commit crimes. The theory was developed by an American Sociologist Robert K. Merton (1910-2003). Merton believed that the society influences deviance and plays a huge role in criminals committing crimes. Emile Durkheim (1858-1957) presented the earliest version of the strain theory. He believed that well-built societiesRead MoreCultural Differences Vs And Robert Mertons Strain Theory1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe strain theory analyses the extent to which people are able to pursue, access and achieve success. Strain theory says that those unable to achieve success experience strain which is a disconnect between desires and aspirations along with the means to achieve these variables. There are several responses and coping strategies that are connected to strain, one being crime. The cultural messages within strain are the goals and the means. There are two main theorist who explain strain, Robert MertonR ead MoreAnomie and General Strain Theories of Crime Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesAnomie/Strain Theory Historical Background The theoretical framework of strain theory can be credited to sociologist Emile Durkheim. Durkheim research on formed a platform for other sociologist to further develop strain theories of crime. One of which is Robert Merton. One of Durkheim’s major works that opened the door to further research on strain theories was his book, Suicide. In this book Durkheim sough to understand the why led to one’s own self-destruction. Emile Durkheim studied suicide rates

Human Relationship and Life Transition - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Human Relationship and Life Transition. Answer: The essay deals with the developmental stages across lifespan and its importance in child development. The stages identified in human development are infant stage, early childhood, middle childhood stage, early adolescent, late adolescent and lastly old age. Each of the stages is important as they accompany age related changes. With every change, a human becomes competent in daily life, matured, learns to thrive and survive. These changes are important for social and cognitive development (Feldman, 2016). The essay addresses his topic in relation to case study of Jack. For the purpose of the essay, the cognitive and social development is studied as relates to the problem faced by Jack. To start with cognitive development, it begins since infancy and is related to perceptual skills, language acquisition, and, information processing. Cognitive development is necessary for maximising well being, attain full mental capacities and growth of child (Bjorklund Causey, 2017). Two relevant theories in relation to Jack are Jean Piagets theory of cognitive development and Ericsons social development theory. Piaget therapy explains four stages four stages of cognitive development. The sensorimotor stage starts at birth and lasts until age of 2 years. At this age the children responds to stimuli by collecting the sensory data such as touch, smell, and hearing and they the body movements. The pre-operational stage lasts from 2-5 years. This stage is marked by egocentric thought and child is found to think about objects symbolically. Logical thinking marks the concrete operational stage. This stage lasts from 7-11 years age of children. Thinking becomes more matured at this stage and children demonstrate reversible mental actions. From 11 years onwards, the child represents the formal operational stage. At this stage a child can grab the abstract concepts (Modgil et al., 2013). In the given case study, Jack is 3 years old and belongs to the age group 2-5 years that is pre-operational stage. Ericsons social development theory deals with the development of social and emotional skills across lifespan. This development is important for a child to be able to establish positive relationships in society. The theory explains eight stages and each stage is accompanied by psychological crisis that is unique to that age group of children (Serafica, 2015). A child of age group infancy-18 months may experience trust or mistrust issues. In the age group 18 months-3 years, a child may experience autonomy vs. Shame. The feelings associated with initiative and guilt is observed at the age 3-5 years. Children of age group 5-13 years may experience industry or Inferiority. The crisis related to identity vs. role confusion occurs between 13-21 years. People of age range 21-39 years, experience either intimacy or isolation. The crisis of generativity vs stagnation occurs between 40-65 years. Even older people experience either despair or Ego integrity (McAdams Zapata-Gietl, 2015). Jack bel ongs to age range 18 months to 3 years of Ericson. It means he is in second stage of social development as per Ericsons theory. In this child learns to perform certain actions independently. They willingly tend to eat or dress themselves and feel a sense of autonomy. If they have to rely on others for these activities, it may lead to feeling of shame. These skills need to be applied in real life. The normative cognitive developments for three year old children includes ability to express their interest in playing with toys or learning. Children learn language at this age. They learn to pick up words such as papa and form simple sentences indicating the development of thinking (Bjorklund Causey, 2017). Unlike other children of this age group, Jack is having non-normative development as he can only babble instead of speaking. It is the sign of delayed cognitive development. At this stage parents play crucial role. They establish strong bonding with children and establish trust. It is due to the trust and maternal support that a child is capable of developing greater sense of control and begins to asset their independence. The normative social development demonstrated by children of this age group is toilet training, eating, dressing independently. They understand sharing of toys and playing together in groups. Unable to perform these activities is a sign of non-normative devel opment (Overton, 2013). Parents play a great role in social development. They allow the child to experiment and understand social roles such as making friends by sharing activities. With the help of secured attachments with the family members, the child learns to navigate the relationships which fosters development. Parents provide play opportunities to children that help them to express different emotions. Parents are responsible to allow the child to explore the world around them and accept new challenges. It has normative influence on development. This ultimately leads to social and cognitive development. Jack in the case study demonstrates non-normative development as he is not toilet trained (Bjorklund Causey, 2017). Social and cognitive development is influenced by several factors. The main factors are of biological and environmental nature. Examples of biological factors include intelligence, physical development, sense organs or heredity. Children with high intelligence learn new concepts quickly. Delayed speech in Jack could be due to defect in sense organs or hereditary problem. Physical development also influences the cognitive development (Brown Lan, 2013). Environmental factors such as parental support, family attachment, play opportunities significantly influence the social development in children. Strong maternal support increases the learning opportunities for child. Spending great time with parents and family a child can have better cognition (Barac et al., 2014). This is due to secured attachment, bonding, love and empathy that the child develops emotional skills and social skills. Poor mother-infant bonding leads to weak and insecure bonding. Such children may worry elaboration (Gr ist Field, 2012). Lack of parental support has been found to be associated with emotional issues in children that demonstrate as poor toilet training. Such children show alteration in temperament, show less self-reliance and independence (Hong Park, 2012). The theories of Erikson and Piaget have been useful in understanding the case study of Jack. Lack of parental support has led to non-normative influences. He is unable to develop cognitive and social skills that are meant to be acquired at this age. Environmental factors seem to be the cause of poor toilet training and delayed speech in Jack. Since Vanessa is the working mother, she may not be able to spend adequate time with Jack. Thus, there could be a poor mother-infant attachment resulting in emotional issues or worry elaboration. This may be manifested as poor toilet training. Vanessa due to her busy schedule may not provide sufficient learning opportunities for Jack. Learning opportunities predict the adaptive and social development (Green et al., 2014). On the other hand, the caregiver at the day care centre too could not have established strong relationship, which is the predictor of the child social development (Serpell Mashburn, 2012). Jack needs more play and learning opp ortunities to enhance self-reliance. He needs strong emotional security to develop autonomy and self-reliance (Beebe Steele, 2013). Understanding the cognitive and social development is essential for the nursing professionals. It helps them to identify the developmental abnormalities of children at early stage and take appropriate intervention. They can effectively care for the children knowing their thinking and comprehending abilities. Piaget and Eriksons theory act as framework for nurses and midwifes to modify the childs learning environment as per their cognitive capabilities. They can better educate the parents about childcare and importance of maternal support in early life. In case of Jack, the child and the family health nurse will be better able to educate Vanessa about specific behaviour pattern that may occur in Jack (Bierman et al., 2014). In conclusion, cognitive and social skills hold great importance in human development. It helps in maximising wellbeing of a child when transitioning to subsequent stages of human development. References Barac, R., Bialystok, E., Castro, D. C., Sanchez, M. (2014). The cognitive development of young dual language learners: A critical review.Early Childhood Research Quarterly,29(4), 699-714. Beebe, B., Steele, M. (2013). How does microanalysis of motherinfant communication inform maternal sensitivity and infant attachment?.Attachment human development,15(5-6), 583-602. Bierman, K. L., Domitrovich, C. E., Nix, R. L., Welsh, J. A., Gest, S. D. (2014). Integrating evidence-based preschool programs to support social-emotional and cognitive development.Promoting school readiness and early learning: Implications of developmental research for practice, 231-252. Bjorklund, D. F., Causey, K. B. (2017).Children's thinking: Cognitive development and individual differences. SAGE Publications. Brown, C. P., Lan, Y. C. (2013). The influence of developmentally appropriate practice on childrens cognitive development: A qualitative metasynthesis.Teachers College Record,115(12), 1-36. Feldman, R. S. (2016).Development across the life span. Pearson. Green, S., Caplan, B., Baker, B. (2014). Maternal supportive and interfering control as predictors of adaptive and social development in children with and without developmental delays.Journal of Intellectual Disability Research,58(8), 691-703. Grist, R. M., Field, A. P. (2012). The mediating effect of cognitive development on children's worry elaboration.Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry,43(2), 801-807. Hong, Y. R., Park, J. S. (2012). Impact of attachment, temperament and parenting on human development.Korean journal of pediatrics,55(12), 449-454. McAdams, D. P., Zapata-Gietl, C. (2015). Three strands of identity development across the human life course: Reading Erik Erikson in full.The Oxford handbook of identity development, 81-94. Modgil, S., Modgil, C., Brown, G. (Eds.). (2013).Jean Piaget. Routledge. Overton, W. F. (Ed.). (2013).The relationship between social and cognitive development. Psychology Press. Schoenmaker, C., Juffer, F., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Linting, M., van der Voort, A., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2015). From maternal sensitivity in infancy to adult attachment representations: A longitudinal adoption study with secure base scripts.Attachment human development,17(3), 241-256. Serafica, F. C. (Ed.). (2015).Social-cognitive development in context(Vol. 27). Psychology Press. Serpell, Z. N., Mashburn, A. J. (2012). Familyschool connectedness and children's early social development.Social Development,21(1), 21-46.